Pendas

Model Tutorial:

TUTORIAL KREATIF PRODUKTIF

TAHAPAN KEGIATAN TUTORIAL

Persiapan:

1. Tutor mempersiapkan beberapa contoh media dan bahan manipulatif

Pelaksanaan / Penyajian:

1. Orientasi

Kegiatan tutorial diawali dengan orientasi untuk mengkomunikasikan dan menyepakati tugas dan langkah tutorial. Tutor mengemukakan tujuan, materi, waktu, langkah, hasil akhir yang diharapkan dari mahasiswa serta penilaian yang diterapkan. Mahasiswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengungkapkan pendapatnya. Dengan negosiasi tersebut diharapkan akan terjadi kesepakatan antara tutor dan mahasiswa.

2. Eksplorasi

Pada tahap ini, mahasiswa melakukan eksplorasi terhadap masalah / konsep yang akan dikaji. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan membaca dan diskusi bersama kelompok kerja,.. Agar eksplorasi menjadi terarah, tutor memberikan panduan singkat yang memuat tujuan, materi, waktu, cara kerja, serta hasil akhir yang diharapkan.

3. Interpretasi

Dalam tahap interpretasi, hasil eksplorasi diinterpretasikan melalui kegiatan analisis, diskusi, tanya jawab, atau kerja kelompok.

4. Re-kreasi

Pada tahap rekreasi, siswa ditugaskan untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang mencerminkan pengalamannnya terhadap konsep / topic / masalah yang sedang dikaji menurut kreasinya masing-masing. Pada tutorial ini mahasiswa diminta membuat tabel konsep dan rencana pembelajaran.. Hasil re-kreasi merupakan produk kreatif yang dapat dipresentasikan atau ditindak lanjuti.

5. Evaluasi

Evaluasi belajar dilakukan selama proses pembelajaran dan pada akhir pembelajaran. Selama proses pembelajaran, evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengamati sikap dan kemampuan berpikir mahasiswa. Evaluasi pada akhir pembelajaran adalah evaluasi terhadap produk kreatif yang dihasilkan mahasiswa. Kriteria penilaian dapat disepakati

bersama pada waktu orientasi.

Memantapkan materi yang disimpulkan secara umum dan menekankan kemampuan menyusun rancangan pembelajaran

Penutup (10 menit)

TUTORIAL PEMECAHAN MASALAH

First principle: Understand the problem

"Understand the problem" is often neglected as being obvious and is not even mentioned in many mathematics classes. Yet students are often stymied in their efforts to solve it, simply because they don't understand it fully, or even in part. In order to remedy this oversight, Pólya taught teachers how to prompt each student with appropriate questions,^[8] depending on the situation, such as:

• What are you asked to find or show?^[9]
• Can you restate the problem in your own words?
• Can you think of a picture or a diagram that might help you understand the problem?
• Is there enough information to enable you to find a solution?
• Do you understand all the words used in stating the problem?
• Do you need to ask a question to get the answer?

The teacher is to select the question with the appropriate level of difficulty for each student to ascertain if each student understands at their own level, moving up or down the list to prompt each student, until each one can respond with something constructive.

[edit] Second principle: Devise a plan

Pólya^[10] mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems.^[11] The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving many problems. You will find choosing a strategy increasingly easy. A partial list of strategies is included:

• Guess and check^[12]
• Make an orderly list^[13]
• Eliminate possibilities^[14]
• Use symmetry^[15]
• Consider special cases^[16]
• Use direct reasoning
• Solve an equation^[17]

Also suggested:

• Look for a pattern^[18]
• Draw a picture^[19]
• Solve a simpler problem^[20]
• Use a model^[21]
• Work backward^[22]
• Use a formula^[23]
• Be creative^[24]
• Use your head/noggin^[25]

[edit] Third principle: Carry out the plan

This step is usually easier than devising the plan.^[26] In general, all you need is care and patience, given that you have the necessary skills. Persist with the plan that you have chosen. If it continues not to work discard it and choose another. Don't be misled, this is how mathematics is done, even by professionals.

[edit] Fourth principle: Review/extend

Pólya^[27] mentions that much can be gained by taking the time to reflect and look back at what you have done, what worked and what didn't.^[28] Doing this will enable you to predict what strategy to use to solve future problems, if these relate to the original problem.